But most miscarriages are a one-off event. Page last reviewed: 01 June Next review due: 01 June First trimester miscarriages First trimester miscarriages are often caused by problems with the chromosomes of the foetus. Chromosome problems Chromosomes are blocks of DNA. Placental problems The placenta is the organ linking the mother's blood supply to her baby's. Things that increase your risk An early miscarriage may happen by chance.
These include: diabetes if it's poorly controlled severe high blood pressure lupus kidney disease an overactive thyroid gland an underactive thyroid gland antiphospholipid syndrome APS Infections The following infections may also increase your risk: rubella german measles cytomegalovirus bacterial vaginosis HIV chlamydia gonorrhoea syphilis malaria Food poisoning Food poisoning , caused by eating contaminated food, can also increase the risk of miscarriage.
For example: listeriosis — most commonly found in unpasteurised dairy products, such as blue cheese toxoplasmosis — which can be caught by eating raw or undercooked infected meat salmonella — most often caused by eating raw or partly cooked eggs Read more about foods to avoid in pregnancy.
Medicines Medicines that increase your risk include: misoprostol — used for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis retinoids — used for eczema and acne methotrexate — used for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs — such as ibuprofen; these are used for pain and inflammation To be sure a medicine is safe in pregnancy, always check with your doctor, midwife or pharmacist before taking it.
Womb structure Problems and abnormalities with your womb can also lead to second trimester miscarriages. Possible problems include: non-cancerous growths in the womb called fibroids an abnormally shaped womb Weakened cervix In some cases, the muscles of the cervix neck of the womb are weaker than usual. Keep a healthy weight. Pregnant women who are overweight or too thin may be more likely to have miscarriages. Avoid drugs and alcohol. Avoid deli meats and unpasteurized soft cheeses such as feta and other foods that could carry listeriosis.
Limit caffeine intake. If you smoke, quit. Talk to your doctor about all medicines you take. Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, many prescription and over-the-counter medicines should be avoided during pregnancy.
Avoid activities that could cause you to get hit in the belly. Know your family medical and genetic history. Go to all of your scheduled prenatal visits and discuss any concerns with your doctor.
Call your doctor right away if you have fever; feel ill; notice the baby moving less; or have bleeding, spotting, or cramping. Trying Again After a Miscarriage If you've had a miscarriage, take time to grieve. Some other things that can help you get through this difficult time: Find a support group. Ask your doctor about local support groups for women who are trying again after a loss.
Find success stories. Other women who have had a successful pregnancy after having a miscarriage can be a great source of encouragement. Exercise and pregnancy loss. Moscrop A. Can sex during pregnancy cause a miscarriage? A concise history of not knowing.
British Journal of General Practice. Risk factors for miscarriage from a prevention perspective: A nationwide follow-up study. BJOG: An international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. Louis GMB, et al. Fertility and Sterility.
In press. Early pregnancy loss. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Accessed Aug. November Obstetrics and Gynecology. Wick, MJ expert opinion. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. June 5, Related Blighted ovum: What causes it?
Mayo Clinic Press Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. You can try for another baby as soon as your symptoms have settled and you're emotionally and physically ready. Having a miscarriage does not necessarily mean you'll have another if you get pregnant again.
Most women are able to have a healthy pregnancy after a miscarriage, even in cases of recurrent miscarriages. Among women who know they're pregnant, it's estimated about 1 in 8 pregnancies will end in miscarriage. Many more miscarriages happen before a woman is even aware she has become pregnant. Losing 3 or more pregnancies in a row recurrent miscarriages is uncommon and only affects around 1 in women.
Page last reviewed: 01 June Next review due: 01 June Symptoms of a miscarriage The main sign of a miscarriage is vaginal bleeding, which may be followed by cramping and pain in your lower abdomen. If you have vaginal bleeding, contact a GP or your midwife.
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